Enzymatic colorimetric Reagent, alpha-form, For a-GAL Detection

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-a-D-galactopyranoside(X-alpha-GAL)
C₁₄H₁₅BrClNO₆
M.W.: 408.6
Purity (TLC): ＞99%
Water (KF): 0.1%
Solubility (Sol. 2% DMF): Clear colorless solution.
Optical Rotation (C=1, DMF: H₂O 1:1): 145.7°(Dry basis)
1H-NMR: Conforms to structure. 

X-alpha-GAL (5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-indolyl-a-D -galactopyranoside) is a chromogenic substance used to demonstrating a-galactosidase activity.

Store at 4℃ or below
Allow to warm to room temperature before opening

Enzymatic Colorimetric Reagent, For GAL Detection

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-ß-D-galacto-pyranoside 
C₁₄H₁₅BrClNO₆
M.W.: 408.63
Assay (HPLC): 99.4 %
Purity (TLC): >99%
Moisture: 0.4% (KF)
Solubility (2% Soln. in DMF): Clear and colorless
1H-NMR: Conforms to structure
Certified for use as a substrate of galactosidase in molecular biology.
White Powder

X-Gal is a chromogenic substrate of b-Galactosidase. It is used in conjunction with IPTG for detection of b-Galactosidase activity in bacterial colonies in a colorimetric assay to detect recombinants (white) from non-recombinants (blue). X-Gal is cleaved at the b 1-4 bond between galactose and the 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl part of X-Gal by b-Glactosidase via hydrolysis.
The cleavage of X-Gal results in the production of a water insoluble blue dichloro-dibromo-indigo precipitate at the site of enzymatic cleavage.

In cloning strategies with vectors such as Lamda-11, M13mp18 and 19 and 19, pUC18 and 19, pUR222 the E.Coli lacZ gene is transformed to lac cells. After transformation the cells show b-Galactosidase activity in the presence of IPTG and X-Gal containing media. The insertion of a DNA fragment into the cloning sites of the lacZ gene results in the disruption of b-Galactosidase activity leading to the appearance of white colonies on X-Gal and IPTG containing media. Non recombinant cells produce a blue indigo dye on these media.

Stock conc.: 2% (w/v) by dissolving X-gal in dimethylformamide. Protect from light and store at -20℃.

w IPTG: 1g X-Gal+1g IPTG; 5g X-Gal+5g IPTG

Store at -20℃

Enzymatic Colorimetric Reagent, For GUS Detection

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-ß-D-Glucuronic Acid, Sodium Salt, Trihydrate
C₁₄H₁₂BrClNNaO₇·3H₂O
M.W.: 498.58 
Assay: 98.5% min.
Moisture: 0.6%
Solubility(1.2% Soln. in DMF): Clear and Colorless

 X-GlcA, 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-b-D-Glucuronic acid is a substrate for b-D-Glucuronidase (GUS) encoded by the gusA gene. The substrate is used as a qualitative histochemical marker of specific GUS expression in cells and tissue. XglcA is cleaved by GUS at the b1 glucuronic bond between glucuronic acid and the 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl part of X-glcA via hydrolysis. The cleavage of X-glcA results in the precipitation of water insoluble blue dichloro-dibromo-indigo precipitate at the site of enzymatic cleavage. Colour formation requires three separate reactions.After enzymatic turnover, the released indoxyl derivative dimerizes and is subsequently oxidized to the final indigo dye.

Preparation Instruction
1% (w/v) X-GlcA, sodium salt in sterile N, N-dimethylformamide or deionized water (10 mg/mL).
Note:
X-GlcA, sodium salt is unstable in water. Use immediately after dissolution. X-GlcA solution should be added to media after it is cooled below 55 °C.

Store at 4℃

Enzymatic Colorimetric Reagent, For b-Glucosidase

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-b-D-glucopyranoside. Substrate for b-glucosidase
C₁₄H₁₅BrClNO₆
M.W.: 408.6
Purity: >99%
Solubility (Sol. 2%, DMF): Clear and Colorless
Optical Rotation (C=1, DMF: H2O 1: 1): -89.3°
1H-NMR: Conforming to the structure

Novel substrate for b-glucosidase that produces insoluble, intense indigo-blue chromophore (615nm) after enzymatic hydrolysis.

Store at 4℃

Enzymatic Colorimetric Reagent BCIP/for Alkaline Phosphotase

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylphosphat p-Toluidine salt. (BCIP), 
C₈H₆BrClNO₄P· C₇H₉N
M.W.: 433.6 
Assay (HPLC): 99% min.
Water (KF): 0.1g/100g 
Solubility(2g in 100ml Soln. in DMF):Clear and colorless
Slightly Off- white Powder

X-Phos is a colorimetric substrate for detection of alkaline phosphatase activity in blotting immunohistochemical and cytochemistry techniques. In conjunction with NBT a purple insoluble precipitate is formed that can be read visually. 

NBT Stock conc.: 50 mg/mL in 70% dimethylformamide, store in dark
X-Phos (BCIP) Stock conc.: 50 mg/mL in 100% dimethylformamide, store in dark

Prepare the BCIP/NBT developing solution just before use as follows:
i. Add 33 μL of the NBT solution to 5 mL of AP buffer and mix well. ii. Add 16.5 μL of the stock solution of BCIP. Mix again. Protect the solution from strong light and use it within 1 hour.

Store at -20℃
Allow to warm to room temperature before opening.

Xylene Cyanol FF; Acid blue 147

C25H27N2NaO6S2
M.W.= 538.6

As the tracking dye, it is used to DNA Electrophoresis or polyacrylamide gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) for sequencing of the DNA.

Store cool and dry. 

CAUTION! MAY CAUSE IRRITATION!