Yeast Selection Reagent

C₅H₃FN₂O₄
M.W.: 174.09
Typical Purity (HPLC): >98%
Orotic Acid (HPLC): <2%
5-Fluorouracil: None detected
Melting point: 278℃
Solubility: 50mg/mL (4M NH₂OH)

5-Fluoroorotic acid is a pyrimidine analogue and used for the selection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with mutations in the URA3-locus (ura3^--cells) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Wilde type strains of yeast or mutants with a plasmid carrying the URA3-sequence cannot grow in the presence of 5-FOA. Mutations in the URA3-gene result in the loss of activity of the Orotidin-5'-phosphate decarboxylase.

Working Conc.: 1mg/mL - 500ug/mL (500ug/mL will get higher background)

Normally a minimal medium for 5-FOA-selection is used, since in rich medium (YPD) different URA3⁺-strains may grow in the presence of 5-FOA.

Store at -20℃

Harmful

Selection Antibiotics

Dactinomycin
C₆₂H₈₆N₁₂O₁₆
M.W.: 1255.42
95% Min. (HPLC)
USP 23 stable substance.

Actinomycin D intercalates into DNA and thereby inhibits the transcription. It binds preferentially to guanine and blocks the RNA polymerase during the elongation step. A high dose (2ug/mL, 1.59uM) inhibits the transcription of all RNA species, lower concentrations (40ng/mL, 32nM) inhibit the synthesis of rRNA.

Stock Conc.: 5 mg/mL in MeOH/EtOH
Working Conc.: 0.04-50μg/mL

Store at 4℃

Very toxic!

Fungizone, Selection Antibiotics, for Fungi and Yeast.

C₄₇H₇₃NO₁₇
M.W.: 924.08　
USP

Freez dryed,  non-sterile
Additive: Sodiumdeoxyclolate(41mg) and phospate buffers

Amphotericin B is isolated from Streptomyces nodosus and an anti-fungal agent used for prevention or elimination of fungal contaminants in cell cultures. It's also used as an inhibitor of yeasts, molds and mycoplasma in cell cultures. It belongs to the macrocyclic lactones and its action is fungistatic. Amphotericin B binds to sterols (e. g. cholesterol, cholestanol) with planar structure and disturbs the membrane permeability. Ions, like K+, Na+ and H+ or other low molecular weight substances (e. g. amino acids, sugars, nucleotides) may cross the membrane.

Stock Conc.: 30-40mg/mL in DMSO
Working Conc.: 0.25-2.5ug/mL

Store at 4℃

Harmful

Selection Antibiotics

D(-)-Alpha-Aminobenzylpenicilline Sodium Salt
C₁₆H₁₈N₃O₄SNa
M.W.: 371.39
Assay: 94.42%
Heavy Metals: 20ppm Max.
BP2002

Solubility in water: >20g/100mL
Tested in cell culture and molecular biology.

Stock Conc.: 50 mg/mL in water, Store at -20°C
Working Conc.: 20-60 ug/mL

Store at 4℃

Please Inquire for Availability.

Selection Antibiotics
Nebramycin II

C₂₁H₄₁N₅O₁₁·H₂SO₄
M.W.: 637.66

Aminoglycoside antiobitic with bactericidal activity against most gram negative bacteria.

Store at 4℃

C₁₇H₂₆N₈O₅·HCl
M.W.: 422.4 . 36.5
Assay: ≥98%

Blasticidin is an antibiotic commonly used in gene selection. Blasticidin is active against both propkaryotic and eukaryotic. Resistance to blasticidin is conferred by the blasticidin resistence gene from bacillus cereus (bsr). Bsr codes for blasticidin deaminase.

Normally, bacteria are sensitive to blasticidin concentrations of 25-100 ug/mL. Mammalian cells demostrate sensitivity at concentrations of 1-10 ug/mL.

Handling: Warning! Toxic. Store in Tightly Sealed Vial. Protect from moisture.

Store at 4℃

Very toxic!

Selection Anitbiotics

Alpha-Carboxybenzylpenicillin Disodium Salt
C₁₇H₁₆N₂O₆S·Na₂
M.W.: 422.36
Assay (Carbenicillin): >92%
Benzylpenicillin Sodium: 5% Max.
Indo Absorbing Substance: 8% Max. 
Loss on Drying: 6% Max.
pH: 6.0~7.5

Carbenicillin is chemicaly similar to ampicillin. It is active against gram negative organism.

When selecting for resistance to ampicillin , transformed cells should be plated at low density (<104 colonies per 90mm plate), and the plates should not be incubated for more than 20hrs at 37℃. The enzyme beta-lactamase is secreted into the medium from ampicillin-resistant transformants and can rapidly inactivate the antibiotic in regions surrounding the colonies. Thus, plating cells at high density or incubating them for long periods of time results in the appearance of ampicillin-sensitive satellite colonies. This problem is ameliorated, but not completely eliminated, by using carbenicillin rather than ampicillin in selective media and increasing the concentration of antibiotic from 60ug/mL to 100ug/mL. The number of ampicillin-resistant colonies does not increase in linear proportion to the number of cells applied to the plate, perhaps because of growth-inhibiting substances released form the cells killed by the antibiotic. (Molecular Cloning, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 3rd Edition)

Stock Conc.: 50mg/mL in H₂O/MeOH 1:1, store at -20℃
Working Conc.: 20-60ug/mL

Store at 4℃

Harmful

Selection Antibiotics, Plant Cell Culture

C₁₆H₁₆N₅NaO₇S₂
M.W.: 477.45

Non toxic to plant cells. Inhibitor of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Inhibits the crosslinking of peptidoglycan by binding and inactivating transpeptidases. High activity against gram negative bacteria. Often used for elimination of Agrobacterium species after inoculation. Resistant to beta-lactamase activity.

Store at 4℃

Selection Antibiotics, Cell Culture

C₁₁H₁₂Cl₂N₂O₅
M.W.: 323.13
Assay: 99% Max.
Chloride (Cl): 100ppm Max.
Loss on Drying: 0.50% Max.
Cell culture tested
A white to Grayish-white or Yellowish-white Crystalline Powder
BP2002

Bacteriostatic antibiotic with activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

Stock Conc.: 10 or 34mg/mL in EtOH, Store at -20℃
Working Conc.: 20-170ug/mL

Store at 4℃

Please Inquire for Availability.

Selection Antibiotics

C₁₈H₃₃ClN₂O₅S·HCl·H₂O
M.W.: 479.44

Clindamycin is a lincosamide antibiotic with a primarily bacteriostatic action against gram-positive bacteria.

Store at 4℃

Streptomyces griseus

C₁₅H₂₃NO₄
M.W.: 281.3
Assay: >97.1%
Potency: 955 units/mg
Cycloheximide is soluble in Chloroform, Ethanol and Methanol.

Cycloheximide is an antibiotic which acts as an inhibitor of protein synthesis in eukaryotes but not prokaryotes. Cycloheximide is used primarily in the selection wild type CAN1, CYH2 and LYS2 genes.

Lin W, Hsu, Y., Cycloheximide-induced cPLA(2) activation is via the MKP-1 down-regulation and ERK activation., 2000., 12(7):, 457-461..

Handling: Warning! Toxic. Wear gloves/mask when handling this product. Avoid contact by all modes of exposure. Store in Tightly Sealed Vial.

Store at -20℃

Very toxic!

From Fusarium solani

Ciclosporin, Cyclosporin A, Ramihyphin A
C₆₂H₁₁₁N₁₁O₁₂
M.W.: 1202.6
Assay: >99%
Soluble in Methanol, Ethanol, Acetone and Chloroform.

A fungal metabolite with potent immunosuppressive properties.

Handling: Warning! Toxic. Wear gloves/mask when handling product. Avoid contact by all modes of exposure.

Store at 4℃

Very toxic!

Adriamycin HCl, DOX

Molecular Weight: 579.99
Molecular Formula: C27H30ClNO11

Characters: Orange red powder
Purity: Not less than 99.0%
Assay (HPLC): 98.0%-102.0%
Solubility: Soluble in water, slightly soluble in methanol, practically insoluble in chloroform, in ether and other organic solvents.
Pharmacology: This product can breakthrough cells to cross and connection with tumor cells’ DNA. It could block RNA polymerase and inhibit the biosynthesis of RNA.

Storage: Store in tightly closed container protected from light at a temperature between 2℃~8℃.

ACS Grade
C22H24N2O8•HCl
M.W. 480.90

Doxycycline is a relative of tetracycline reported to be more effective against sensitive organisms. Cross-resistance is common although some tetracycline-resistant S. aureus respond to doxycycline. It is most often used as a broad spectrum antibiotic and bacteriostatic agent against bacteria. Doxycycline has also been reported to have antiprotozoal properties. It is used in the treatment of chlamydia, rickettsia, mycoplasma, and some spirochete infections, in addition to the standard treatment of Gram positive/negative infections.

This product is soluble in water (50 mg/ml), yielding a clear, yellow-green solution.

Doxycycline is often used in culture at a concentration of 0.1-12 mg/ml. Your appropriate concentration should be tested experimentally!

Store at 4℃.

Selection Antibiotics, Cell Culture

Geneticin Disulfate
C₂₀H₄₀N₄O₁₀·2H₂SO₄
M.W.: 692.71
Potency: >650ug/mg
TLC: Max. Three Spot

Geneticine (G418) is used for the selection of stably transformed cells, which have incorporated neomycin resistance gene bearing the transposons Tn5 and Tn601, respectively. Since this antibiotic is toxic for many cells, one has to determine the optimal concentration for each cell type. In general this concentration varies from 50 to 5000 ug/mL. At a concentration of 500 ug/mL, 70% of HepG2-cells are killed within one week of incubation and 100% stop growing. Geneticin is stable at 4℃.

Note: All researchers should determine their optimum working concentration experimentally for each lot!

Stock concentration: 50mg/mL in water
Working concentration:
5ug/mL (bacteria and algae)
400ug/mL for selection(mammalian cells)
200ug/mL for maintenance(mammalian cells)

Store at 4℃

Toxic for reproduction

Streptomyces hygroscopicus

C₂₉H₄₀N₂O₉
M.W.: 560.6
Purity (TLC): >99%
Melting Point: 260~262℃
Soluble in DMSO.

Geldanamycin is a benzoquinone ansamycin antibiotic which binds to Hsp90 (Heat Shock Protein 90) and alters it function. Hsp90 is a highly conserved and very abundant protein in the cytosol of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Hsp90 plays a key role in regulating the physiology of cells exposed to environmental stress and in maintaining the malignant phenotype of tumor cells. HSP90 client proteins play important roles in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell growth, cell survival, apoptosis, and oncogenesis. Geldanamycin binds with a high affinity into the ATP binding pocket in Hsp90 and induces the degradation of proteins that require this chaperone for conformational maturation.

Whitsell, L., P.D. Sutphin, A.D. Lewis, P. Workman., Geldanamycin-Induced Association of Multiple Molecular Chaperone Proteins with Mutant p53 is Altered by Geldanamycin, an hsp90-Binding Agent., 1998., 18(3):, 1517-1524., 2. Lawson, B., J.W. Brewer, L.M Hendershot.. 
Gelanamycin, an hsp90/GRP94-Binding Drug, Induces Increased Transcription of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Chaperones Via the ER Stress Pathway., Journal of Cellular Physiology., 1998., 174(2):, 170-178., 3. Joly, G.A., M. Ayres, R.G. Kilbourn.. 
Potent Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase by Geldanamycin, A Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Endothelial, Smoothe Muscle Cells, and in Rat Aorta., FEBS Letters., 1997., 403(1):, 40-44., 4. Schulte, T.W., M.V. Blagosklonny, L. Romanova, J.F. Mushinski, B.P. Monia, J.F. Johnston.. 
Destabilization of Raf-1 by Geldanamycin Leads to Disruption of the Raf-1-MEK-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signalling Pathway., Molecular and Cellular Biology., 1996., 16(10):, 5839-5845..

Store at -20℃

Handling: Store in Tightly Sealed Vial. Protect from Light.

Selection Antibiotics, Cell Culture

Approx. 615U/mg
BP2000

Gentamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and was isolated from Micromonospora species (actinomycetales). The sulfate salt is soluble in water, formamide, ethylene glycol, 0.1N NaOH or 0.1N HCl at a concentration of >20mg/mL. It is insoluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, benzene or chloroform.

In solutions Gentamycin is very stable at -20℃ to 37℃. Short autoclaving is possible. It may be employed in the pH range from 2.2 and 10 without loss of activity.

Stock Conc.: 10-50mg/mL in water, Store at -20℃

Store at 4℃

Toxic

Selection Antibiotics,  Cell Culture

C₂₀H₃₇N₃O₁₃
M.W.: 527.52
Potency: 1109U/mg
Purity (by HPLC): >90%

Hygromycin B, an aminoglycosidic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus, is used for the selection and maintenance of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells transfected with the hygromycin resistance gene, hph. Hygromycin B kills bacteria, fungi and higher eukaryotic cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. The resistance gene codes for a kinase that inactivates Hygromycin B through phosphorylation. Cloning of the resistance gene and fusion with eukaryotic promoters has resulted in the development of vectors that permit selection for resistance to Hygromycin B in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Working Conc.
Mammalian cells: 50-1000ug/mL
Plant cells: 20-200ug/mL
Bacteria: 20-200ug/mL
Fungi: 200-1000ug/mL

Your appropriate concentration should be tested experimentally!

Store at 4℃

Toxic, Irritant

Selection Antibiotics,  Cell Culture

Off-white Powder
C₂₀H₃₇N₃O₁₃
M.W.: 527.52
Potency: 1118ug/mg
Purity (by HPLC): 92%

Hygromycin B, an aminoglycosidic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus, is used for the selection and maintenance of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells transfected with the hygromycin resistance gene, hph. Hygromycin B kills bacteria, fungi and higher eukaryotic cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. The resistance gene codes for a kinase that inactivates Hygromycin B through phosphorylation. Cloning of the resistance gene and fusion with eukaryotic promoters has resulted in the development of vectors that permit selection for resistance to Hygromycin B in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Working Conc.
Mammalian cells: 50-1000ug/mL
Plant cells: 20-200ug/mL
Bacteria: 20-200ug/mL
Fungi: 200-1000ug/mL

Your appropriate concentration should be tested experimentally!

Store at 4℃

Toxic, Irritant

Selection Antibiotics, Plant Cell Culture

C₁₈H₃₆N₄O₁₁·H₂SO₄
M.W.: 582.58
Potency (Dried Substance): 670 IU/mg
Loss on Drying: 5% Max.
pH (1% in water): 5.5~7.5
BP 2000

Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic which inhibits growth of gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and mycoplasmas in cell culture and has a bacterial action against many gram-negative bacteria. Aminoglycosides are taken up into sensitive bacterial cells by an active transport process. Within the cell they bind to the 30S and to some extent to the 50S subunits of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis and generating errors in transcription of the genetic code. Kanamycin is used as a selective agent for the incorporation of the NPT II (APH3') gene in plant tissue.

Stock Conc.: 10mg/mL in water, Store at -20°C
Working Conc.: 10-100ug/mL

Store at 4℃

Toxic

Chemical Formula: C33H48O6
M.W. 540.7

Purity: >=98% (HPLC)
supplied as liquid in 100% ethanol
Soluble in Methanol or 100% Ethanol
Antibiotic that is used for studying nuclear localization and nuclear export. Specific inhibition of the CRM1/exportin1 nuclear export pathway. It also demonstrates anti-fungal & anti-tumor activity.

Store at -20C, protect from light. Packaged under inert gas.

Flammable and Toxic, handle with care.

Selection Antibiotics

Assay: 970ug/mg Min. 
Water: 2.5% Max. 
pH: 6.0-7.5
USD27

Inhibitor of DNA synthesis, nuclear division, and cancer cells. Antibacterial to gram positive, gram negative, acid-fast bacilli.

Tomasz, M., Isolation and structure of a covalent cross-link adduct between mitomycin C and DNA. Science 235, 1204, (1987)
Ueda, M., Sequence-specific DNA damage induced by reduced mitomycin C and 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)mitomycin C. Nucleic Acids Res. 12, 6673, (1984)
Y. Hashimoto et al. Acc. Chem. Res. 17, 403, (1984)

Stock conc.: 0.5 mg/mL in ddH2O., protect from light, store at 4℃.  Use the stock solution in one week.
Working conc.: 10–50 µg/mL for eukaryote cell culture.

Store at 4℃, protect from light 

very toxic

6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phthalanyl)-4-methyl-4-hexenoic acid
C₁₇H₂₀O₆
M.W.: 320.3
Assay: >98%
Soluble in Methane and Methylene Chloride.

Mycophenolic Acid is an antibiotic useful in research for the selection of animal cells that express the E. coli gene coding for XGPRT (xanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase). Mycophenolic Acid is also used as immunosuppressive agent becasue it acts by inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production.

Merck Index., 2001, 13:, 6352..

Store at Room Temp.

Handling: Warning! Toxic. May be Carcinogenic. Wear gloves/mask when handling product. Avoid contact by all modes of exposure.

Selection Antibiotics, Plant Cell Culture

C₂₃H₄₆N₆O₁₃·3H₂SO₄
M.W.: 908.88
Potency: 710ug/mg
Neomycin B: 85%
Neomycin C: 10%
RTECS：QP4375000
Solubility: Soluble in Water
Off-White Solid

Aminoglycoside antibiotic active against most gram negative bacteria. Selective agent for the incorporation of the NPT II (APH3') gene in plant tissue.

Store at Room Temp.

Streptomyces diastatochromogenes

M.W. 789.3 
Assay: >95%

Antibiotic that inhibits membrane bound mitochondrial ATPase. 
Oligomycin Complex; A mixture of A, B, and C isomers 
Soluble in Acetone. 

Merck Index, 1996., 12:, 6970., 2. Berdy, J., A. Asztalos, M. Bostian, K. McNitt.. 
Oligomycin Inhibits Store-Operated Channels by a Mechanism Independent of its Effects on Mitochondrial ATP., Biochemical Journal., 1997, 324(part 3):, 971-980. 

Store at Room Temp.

Handling: Warning! Toxic. LD₅₀ of < 500 mg / kg. May be Carcinogenic / Teratogenic.

Toxic!

Patulin is a mycotoxin which inhibits the uptake of potassium.

4-Hydroxy-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one, Clavacin
C₇H₆O₄
M.W.: 154.12
Assay: >98%
Solubility: patulin is soluble in Dichloromethane.

Merck Index., 12:, 7185., 2. Pfeiffer, E., M. Metzler.. 
Aneuploidpogenic and Clastogenic Potential of the Mycotoxins Citrinin and Patulin., Carcinogenesis., 1998., 19(7):, 1313-1318., 3. Krivobok, S., F. Seigle-Murandi, r. Steiman, J.L. Benoit-Guyod, M.H. Bartoli.. 
Antitumoral Activitiy of Patulin and Patulin-Cysteine Adducts., Pharmazie., 1994., 49(4):, 277-279., 4. Miura, S., K. Hasumi, A. Endo.. Inhihibtion of Protein Prenylation by Patulin., FEBS Letters., 1993., 318(1):, 88-90.

Store at 4℃

Handling: Store in Tightly Sealed Vial. 

Selection Antibiotic

C₁₆H₁₇KN₂O₄S
M.W.: 372.48
Assay (Dried Substance): 99.5%
pH: 5.5~7.5 
BP98

Penicillin G was isolated from Penicillium notatum. The bactericidal effect of this β-lactam antibiotic is based on the irreversible inhibition of transpeptidase, interfering with the biosynthesis of the cell wall in bacteria.

Working conc.: 50-100ug/mL

Store at 4℃

Selection Antibiotics, Cell Culture

[3』(α-Amino-ρ-methoxyhydrocinnamamido)-3』-deoxy-N,N-dimethyladenosine.2HCl]
C₂₂H₂₉N₇O₅·2HCl
M.W.: 544.43
Purity (TLC) : >99%

Antibiotic used for selecting mammalian cell lines ,which have been transformed by vectors that express puromycin-N-acetyl-transferase. 

Puromycin is a aminonucleoside antibiotic from Streptomyces alboniger. It is an analogon to aminoacyl-tRNA and inhibits the protein synthesis by termination of the peptidyl transfer at the ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The antibiotic inhibits the growth of gram positive bacteria and different animal cells. Fungi and gram negative bacterias are resistant, since puromycin cannot pass the cell wall. The discovery of the puromycin-N-acetyltransferase (PAC) in a Streptomyces-stem allowed to employ the antibiotic as a selection marker, comparable to neomycin.

Stock conc.: 5-50 mg/mL in dH₂O, store at -20℃
Working conc.: 1-30 μg/mL (mammalian cell)

Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. & Maniatis, T.Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd Edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. 

Store at 4℃

Warning! Toxic. May be Carcinogenic. Wear gloves and mask when handling product. Avoid contact by all modes of exposure.

Toxic

Radicicol, Humicola fuscoatra

C₁₈H₁₇ClO₆
M.W. 364.78
Assay: >98% by TLC & HPLC
Melting Point: 190℃-194℃
Solubility: Radicicol is Soluble in DMSO
Appearance: Yellow Powder

Radicicol is an antifungal antibiotic which acts as a Hsp90-specific inhibitor. 

RAPA, Rapamune, Sirolimus, AY-22989, NSC-226080, Rapamycin, Streptomyces hygroscopicus

C₅₁H₇₉NO₁₃
M.W. 914.2
Assay: >98%
Solubility: Rapamycin is soluble in DMSO and Methanol

Rapamycin is a triene macrolide antibiotic, which demonstrates anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and immunosuppressive properties. Rapamycin has been shown to block T-cell activation and proliferation, as well as, the activation of p70 S6 kinase and exhibits strong binding to FK-506 binding proteins. Rapamycin also inhibits the activity of the protein, mTOR, (mammalian target of rapamycin) which functions in a signaling pathway to promote tumor growth. Rapamycin binds to a receptor protein (FKBP12) and the rapamycin/FKB12 complex then binds to mTOR and prevents interaction of mTOR with target proteins in this signaling pathway. Rapamycin name is derived from the native word for Easter Island, Rapi Nui.

Merck Index., 1996., 12:, 8288., 2. Vezina, C., et al.. 
Purification and Characterization., J. Antibiot., 1975., 28:, 721., 3. Attur, M.G., R. Patel.,. 
Differential anti-inflammatory effects of immunosuppressive drugs: cyclosporin, rapamycin and FK-506 on inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase-2 and PGE2 production., Inflamm Res., 2000., 49(1):, 20-26.. 

Store at -20℃

Handling: Hygroscopic. Protect from Light and Moisture.

Selection Antibiotics

C₄₃H₅₈N₄O₁₂
M.W.: 822.94
Assay: 99% min.
Heavy Matels: 20ppm Max.
pH: 4.5~6.5
BP2000

Rifampicin is active against gram-positive bacteria but less active against gram-negative bacteria. It interferes with the synthesis of nucleic acids by inhibiting DNA dependent RNA polymerase. Resistance to rifampicin can develop rapidly. The degree of resistance varies depending on the site of mutation in the RNA polymerase.

Stock conc.: 30 mg/mL in DMSO, MeOH
Working conc.: 150 μg/mL 

Store at 4℃

Harmful

Ristomycin, Spontin, Riston, Nocardia lurida

Assay: >90% Ristocetin A.
C₉₅H₁₁₀N₈O₄₄ for Ristocetin A

Ristocetin A is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the diagnosis of the blood disorder, von Willebrand's disease. Ristocetin A is also antibacterial.

Ristocetin is Soluble in Aqueous solutions at an Acidic pH. 
Handling: Store in Tightly Sealed Vial. Protect from Moisture.
Merck Index, 1996., 12:, 8398., 2. Phillips, J.E., et al.. 
Antibiot. Ann. 1956-57, p.699., 3. Gottlieb, D., P. Shaw.,eds., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1967. pp 84-89., 1967., pp 84-89.. 

Store at 4℃

Handling: Store in Tightly Sealed Vial. Protect from Moisture.

Selection Antibiotics

C₁₄H₂₄N₂O₇ · 2HCl · 5H₂O
M.W.: 495.35
Assay (Dried Basis): 95.0%~100.5% 
Potency (Dried Basis): 780u/mg
pH: 3.8~5.6
Water: 16.0~20.0%
EP5

Mode of Action: Inhibits protein synthesis (elongation) by interfering with peptidyl tRNA translocation. 
Antimicrobial spectrum: Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (Gonnococcus only).
Mode of Resistance: Mutation in rpsE (the gene for ribosomal protein S5) prevents binding of spectinomycin.

Store at 4℃

Antibiotic AM-2282, Streptomyces staurosporeus

C₂₈H₂₆N₄O₃
M.W.: 466.5
Assay: >98% 
Staurosporine is soluble in Ethyl Acetate and DMSO. 

Staurosporine is a cell permeable general inhibitor of protein kinases.

Store at 4℃

Handling: Warning! Toxic. May be Carcinogenic. Wear gloves and mask when handling product. Avoid contact by all modes of exposure. Protect from Light.

Very toxic

Selection Antibiotics, Cell Culture

2(C₂₁H₃₉N₇O₁₂)·3H₂SO₄
M.W.: 1457.38
Potency (Dried substance): 720 IU/mg min.
pH: 4.5~7.0
BP2004

Streptomycin was isolated from Streptomyces griseus. It acts bacteriostatic at low concentrations and bactericidal at higher concentrations against mycobacteria and gram negative bacteria. It is less active against gram positve bacteria. Like other antibiotics, streptomyicin does not act on non-proliferating microorganism. Streptomycin leads to reading error during translation due to the interaction with 23S RNA of the 30S ribosomes.

Stock conc.:10-50mg/mL, store at -20℃. 
Working conc.: 10-100ug/mL

Store at Room Temp. 

Toxic

Selection Antibiotics, Cell Culture

C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₈·HCl
M.W.: 480.90 
Assay: 97.2%
Moisture: <2.0%
pH (1% Soln. in water): 1.8-2.8
4-Enianhydrotetracycline HCl: 0.5% min.

Tetracycline is a bacteriostatic antibiotic with activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Within the cell tetracycline binds reversible to the 30S subunit of the ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl transfer RNA and inhibiting protein synthesis and hence cell growth. Used as a selective marker for the transformation of plasmids encoding for tetracycline resistance (Tetr) such as pBR322, pBR325 and pMB9. 

Stock conc.:10 mg/mL in H₂O. Stock solutions should be filtered sterilized and stored at −20°C.
Working conc.: 10 μg/mL

Gossen, M. & Bujard, H. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 5547-5551
Tight control of gene expression in mammalian cells by tetracycline-responsive promoters.
Gossen, M. et al. (1995) Science 268, 1766-1769
Transcriptional activation by Tetracyclines in mammalian cells.

Store at RT. Protected from light!

2,4-Diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine

C₁₄H₁₈N₄O₃
M.W.: 290.32 
Assay: 99% Min.

A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor with selectivity for the prokaryote enzyme. It inhibits the conversion of bacterial dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid which is necessary for the synthesisof amino acids, etc. and ultimately DNA synthesis. Primarily used as an antibacterial agent.

Soluble in DMSO
Working conc.: 10ug/mL

D.P. Baccanari, et al. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 1100, (1989)
N.J. Prendergast, et al. Biochemistry 28, 4645, (1989)

Harmful

Streptomyces fulvissimus

C₅₄H₉₀N₆O₁₈
M.W.: 1111.34
Assay (by HPLC): > 90%
Assay (by TLC): > 95%
Solubility: valinomycin is soluble in Methanol, Ethanol, Hexane and DMSO. Water insoluble.

Antibiotic which acts as a potassium (K+) ionophore. Induces K+ conductivity in cell membranes. Also active in vitro against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, and as an apoptosis inducer. Valinomycin is used diagnostically in ion selective electrodes because of its preferential ability to conduct K+ across the electrode’s membrane.

Merck Index, 1996., 12:, 10047., 2. Inai,Y., M. Yabuki, T. Kanno, J. Akiyama, T. Yasuda, K. Utsumi.. 
Valinomycin Induces Apoptosis of Ascites Hepatoma Cells (AH-130) in Relation to Mitochondrial Membrane Potential., Cell Structure and Function., 1997., 22(5):, 555-563., 3. Prabhananda, B.S., M.H. Kombrabail.. 
H+, K+, and Na+ Transport Across Phospholipid Vesicular Membrane by the Combined Action of Proton Uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol and Valinomycin., Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1996., 1282(2):, 193-199.. 

Store at -20℃

Handling: Warning! Toxic. Wear gloves/mask when handling this product. Avoid contact by all modes of exposure. Eye irritant

Very toxic!

Selection Antibiotics, Plant Cell Culture

C₆₆H₇₆Cl₃N₉O₂₄
M.W.: 1485.73 

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic. It excerts its action by inhibiting the formation of the peptidoglycan polymers of the bacterial cell wall. Unlike penicillins that act primarily to prevent the crosslinking of peptidoglycans that give the cell its strength, vancomycin prevents the transfer and addition of the muramylpentapeptide building blocks that form the peptidoglycan molecular itself. Vancomycin is often used in combination with cefotaxim or carbenicillin to obtain a synergism in antimicrobial activity against bacteria. Especially used by Agrobacterium species with b-lactamase production.

Solutions are most stable at pH 3-5 and should be stored at 2-8 ℃. Solutions of vancomycin should be sterilized by sterile filtration, rather than by autoclaving.

This product is soluble in water (0.5 mg/mL), yielding a clear solution.

Store at 4℃

Sensitizing

Penicillium wortmanni (KT 12420)

C₂₃H₂₄O₈
M.W.: 428.4
Assay:>98%
Solubility: wortmannin is Soluble in Methanol and DMSO.

Merck Index., 1996., 12:, 10188., 2. Okbayasu, R., K. Suetomi, R.L. Ullrich..
Wortmannin Inhibits Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Irradiated Normal Human Cells., Radiation Research., 1998., 58(9):, 440-445., 3. Carnero, A., J.C. Lacal..
Wortmannin, An Inhibitor of Phosphatidyl-inositol 3-Kinase, Induces Ococyte Maturation Through a MPF-MAPK-Dependent Pathway., FEBS Letters., 1998., 422(2):, 155-159., 4. Park, Y.C., C.H. Lee, H.S. Kag, H.T. Chung, H.D. Kin..
Wortmannin, A Specific Inhibitor of Phosphatidylinositol-#-3Kinase, Inhances LPS-Induced NO Production from Murine Peritoneal Macrophages., Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications., 1997., 240(3):, 692-696..
Wortmannin is a fungal metabolite that specifically inhibits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK).

Store at -20℃

Handling: Hygroscopic. Protect from Light and Moisture. Store in Tightly Sealed Vial.